Loan Growth Trends for Large Banks and Community Banks Diverge

With the most recent H.8 reporting by the Federal Reserve Bank, we continue to see divergence between loan growth at the largest 25 banks and community banks and all other banks into January 2018.

Large banks continue to show flat line loan growth recently while the remaining banks - including community banks - continue to show solid growth.

With the economy entering its 104th month in this current economic expansion, the expansion is within 2 months of the second longest in recent history and 16 months shy of the longest expansion. With no near term signs that the expansion will halt, it is expected to continue moving toward that record.

However, bank lending is showing some near-term flattening, especially among the largest banks - not unusual for this point in an economic expansion. It remains to be seen how the tax cuts will impact such lending activities as the benefits of the tax cuts begin to kick in over the next few quarters.

Below is our summary of key categories of the banking industry balance sheets as sourced from the Fed's H.8 "Assets and Liabilities of Commercial Banks in the United States". Note that in future periods, the Large Bank figures will begin to be impacted by the balance sheet size limitation imposed on Wells Fargo through the enforcement action of the Federal Reserve Bank (Wells Fargo enforcement action) as Wells Fargo accounts for approximately 18 percent of this group.

On the deposit front, deposit growth is flat at the largest banks with community and other banks showing moderating trends.

Characteristics of Community Bank Mergers

According to a study in the FDIC Quarterly for Q3 2017, the following are key characteristics of acquisitions by community banks:

  1. Typically less profitable than their peers;
  2. Maintained lower capital ratios;
  3. Held a higher percentage of core deposits;
  4. Carried lower loan-to-deposit ratios; and
  5. Had better loan quality indicated by lower ratios of nonperforming assets.

These characteristics are probably similar across the decades of bank acquisitions.

Community banks with successful merger and acquisition strategies and track records typically have a M&A philosophy around three beliefs:

  1. Earnings can be improved and fixed: With your business strategy, you can grow loans, raise loan-to-deposit ratios, improve net interest margins and gain operating efficiencies; thereby, improving earnings post-merger.
  2. Do not pay (or pay a premium) for excess capital: Excess capital for an acquired bank should not receive a premium - especially at levels typical of a bank acquisition.
  3. Stay away from "turn-around" situations resulting from loan and asset quality issues: Assessing loan and asset quality problems in the due diligence stage of any acquisition of a troubled bank is nearly impossible; it is one of the most difficult elements to value and reach agreement with seller; more often than not, it is not worth the risk.

The study can be found at this link: Community Bank Mergers Since the Financial Crisis.

Lending Slowdown?

The most recent weekly bank balance sheet data from the Fed (H.8 Report) shows a slowdown in loan portfolio growth for both the top 25 banks and community banks and all others. 

For the largest banks, total loans were up 2.2% year over year, up 0.4% from 3 months ago and 0.1% from 4 week’s ago. The total asset threshold to be in top 25 banks is approximately $85 billion. 

For community banks and others, total loans were up 6.6% from one year ago, 1.4% from 3 months ago and flat to 4 weeks ago. 

With the U.S. economy in its 103rd month of expansion - and 3rd longest in recent history, does the slower or leveling off in bank loan portfolio growth portend a moderating economy in 2018? What will happen in 2019?

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Midwest Economies: 2017 Year in Review

2018 has arrived! So as bankers move into the New Year, how did the economy behave in 2017? Let’s review currently available economic data for the U.S. and the midwest states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Wisconsin and see.

U.S. ECONOMY:

  • GDP and General Economy: Moderate growth of 2.3% from Q3 2016 to Q3 2017; industrial production index moved up solidly at 3.4%; auto sales down 1% YTD from year ago.
  • Federal Reserve: 3 rate hikes and start of balance sheet normalization.
  • Interest Rates: Short-end mirrors Fed moves while long end relatively unchanged with yield curve flattening.
  • Labor: Unemployment rate down to 4.1% and labor force participation rate up modestly; non-farm jobs up 2 million or 1.4%; hourly wages up 2.3%.
  • Banking (link): Loans and deposits up over 4%; capital, loan quality and profitability all solid.
  • Housing: Housing permits and starts up +3.7% YTD from year ago; new home sales up strongly at 8.6% YTD from year ago; and housing prices up 6.4% from one year ago. 
  • Farm Sector: Income down significantly; crop prices mixed but down substantially from recent peaks; livestock showing some improvement but down from peaks.
  • Federal Debt: Cumulative 12 months deficit $685 billion - up 20% from year ago period; federal debt over $20 trillion and 104% of GDP.

2018 Prospective: Hard to beat 2017, but may match that economic performance; Fed rate hikes totaling 3 or 4 with yield curve up but continues flattening. Good economy for bankers.

ILLINOIS ECONOMY:

  • GDP and General Economy: Much weaker performance than U.S. with growth of only 0.8% from Q2 2016 to Q2 2017.
  • Labor: Unemployment rate for state at 4.7% - well above U.S. level; metro markets generally above national average; non-farm jobs up only 0.3% - well below U.S.; hourly wages up 1.1% - one-half U.S. growth.
  • Banking (link): Loans up nearly 5% and deposits up nearly 2%; excellent loan quality; strong capital position; and solid profitability levels.
  • Housing: Housing permits up 2.5% YTD from year ago, but below U.S. levels; and housing prices rise well below U.S. - up only 3.7% from one year ago. 
  • Farm Sector: Farming income shows loss; crop and livestock prices mixed but down substantially from recent peaks.

2018 Prospective: Below par performance continues relative to U.S. economy. For bankers, good economy, but there will be hurdles.

INDIANA ECONOMY:

  • GDP and General Economy: On par performance with U.S. with growth of 2.2% from Q2 2016 to Q2 2017.
  • Labor: Unemployment rate for state at 3.4% - significantly below U.S. level; metro markets generally well below national average; non-farm jobs up 0.9% - below U.S.; hourly wages up 2.4% matching U.S.
  • Banking (link): Loans up nearly 9% and deposits up nearly 6%; excellent loan quality; strong capital position; and solid profitability levels.
  • Housing: Housing permits up 3.5% YTD from year ago nearly matching U.S.; housing prices up 5% from one year ago. 
  • Farm Sector: Income down substantially; crop and livestock prices mixed but down substantially from recent peaks.

2018 Prospective: Mirror 2017 and match or outperform U.S. averages. Solid economy for bankers, but moderating forces in the economy will exist.

MICHIGAN ECONOMY:

  • GDP and General Economy: Stronger performance than U.S. with growth of 3.2% from Q2 2016 to Q2 2017.
  • Labor: Unemployment rate for state at 4.2% - approximates U.S. level; metro markets generally at or below national average; non-farm jobs up 1% - below U.S.; hourly wages up 2.1% - slightly below U.S.
  • Banking (link): Loans up 12% and deposits up 5%; excellent loan quality; strong capital position; and solid profitability levels.
  • Housing: Housing permits up only 0.5% YTD from year ago; and housing prices nearly matching U.S. - up 6.1% from one year ago. 
  • Farm Sector: Farming income shows loss; crop and livestock prices mixed but down substantially from recent peaks.

2018 Prospective: Similar to 2017 while outperforming U.S. averages. Good environment for bankers but more difficult than 2017.

WISCONSIN ECONOMY:

  • GDP and General Economy: Nearly on par with U.S. with growth of 1.9% from Q2 2016 to Q2 2017.
  • Labor: Unemployment rate for state at 2.8% - dramatically below U.S. level; metro markets generally significantly below national average; non-farm jobs up 1.4% - same as U.S.; hourly wages up solidly at 2.3%.
  • Banking (link): Loans up 5% and deposits up nearly 2%; excellent loan quality; strong capital position; and solid profitability levels.
  • Housing: Housing permits up only 0.5% YTD from year ago; and housing prices nearly matching U.S. - up 6.1% from one year ago. 
  • Farm Sector: Income appears to be stabilizing; crop and livestock prices mixed but down substantially from recent peaks, while Milk up nearly 8% from year ago.

2018 Prospective: Deja vu again; keeping pace with U.S. economy performance. Economy should be good - not great - for bankers, but there will be moderating activity.

For additional analytics, go to our Economic Dashboards.

Housing Permits & Starts Remain Strong - But Is More Needed?

Current monthly data has recently been released on housing supply elements - in particular, building permits and housing starts. The data continues to be positive. However, with housing prices continuing on a rather steep trajectory, are these recent supply trend levels sufficient?

Building permits are up significantly from the trough. While well below the peak in 2005, building permits are running +300,000 less than experienced in the period from 2000 to 2002. Could an additional 25 percent increase move the dial on the supply-demand imbalance? 

There are very similar data trends when reviewing Total Housing Starts data: significantly above trough; far below peak; and running +350,000 or more below levels in 2000 to 2002.

Focusing on housing starts for single family homes, we see starker differences. While up from trough levels and well under the peak, single family housing starts are more than 400,000 below levels achieved in the early years following the turn of the century.

Looking at the other component - Multifamily Housing Starts, the data suggests that we are achieving some of the highest levels historically. Perhaps we are constructing the appropriate supply of multifamily housing?

And while Multifamily Housing Starts represent a greater share of total housing starts, where will demand head in the future: more Multifamily or more Single Family or more of both?

Another data point to assess is the Building Supply Ratio. Here we will define as the number of new building permits per 1,000 population. Currently, there are 3.8 new building permits issued per 1,000 population. Again, up significantly from the trough of 1.8 and well below the peak of 7.3. Looking at the levels occurring in 2000 to 2002 of approximately 5.6, there are nearly 1.8 fewer new building permits issued per 1,000 population. With a population of more than 325 million, this would translate to +585,000 new building permits. Sounds much too high? - but this would be the equivalent shortfall.

The analysis of national trend data may allow for a quick and easy answer: more housing units (+300,000 annually) need to be permitted and built to alleviate the supply-demand imbalance.

But the reality is that addressing housing supply is extremely complex, given that this issue occurs across hundreds of local markets across the U.S. And each local market will have a somewhat unique and dynamic set of supply and demand factors, include land, labor, materials, contractors, demographics and population and job trends. There are also national issues that will impact both supply and demand: interest rates, tax policy and regulation are among the most important.

On the issue of Housing Supply, the easy answer is that more is needed. But the more complicated issues are numerous: How Many? What Type - multifamily, or single family or both? What Price Point? Where? And can this be managed to minimize a “boom / bust” cycle for home builders? These issues need to be addressed at the local, state and national levels.

For more data, information and analysis on the housing market, click on Mortgage / Housing Finance.